Johannes Cocceius, a father of biblical theology, would seem to have little in common with Cartesian rationalism. But most of the Cocceians in the latter part of the 17th century were Cartesians. Ernest Bizer (in an article entitled “Reformed Orthodoxy and Cartesianism”) suggests that there was an affinity between the two:

“Descartes had claimed the knowledge of the universe for philosophy, but by that very claim had removed revelation from the sphere of reason and had bound knowledge of revelation all the more strictly to Scripture. It was therefore natural that the Cartesians now also adopted the new ‘scriptural’ theology of Cocceius and sought to adhere, within the inner theological domain, as much as possible to the terminology of the Bible. The development which can be observed among the late medieval Nominalists is here repeated: the more profane philosophy becomes, the more biblicistic theology becomes.”

Another example: The “terms of peace” that theology came to, especially in Barth, in the wake of Kant.